The potential for 3-Dimensional (3D) technology to enhance orthodontic treatment

We live in a wonderful world where every person and object has height, breadth and depth. Until the late 20^th century, medical and dental records such as photographs and radiographs were generally limited to 2-dimensional techniques.  In the 1980s, maxillofacial surgeons started using 3D imaging to assess patients with structural problems of the face. Currently, many varieties of 3D technology are available to help all health professionals more accurately assess their patients and when used appropriately, can greatly improve treatment outcomes.

3D Scanning and Printing

For those of us born before the 1980s, we may have memories of the humble typewriter and stand-alone fax or photocopier! Computers, scanning and emailing then changed everything! No longer is a scanner limited to scanning pieces of paper, as almost any 3D object (including teeth and jaws) can now be scanned accurately and reproduced via 3D printing. Orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (e.g. Invisalign®) makes use of this amazing digital technology. A patient’s crooked teeth can be scanned, then virtually straightened using sophisticated software by computer technicians at Invisalign®. The orthodontic treatment plan is checked by your orthodontist on a computer and once approved, robots using thermoplastic materials and lasers make a set of customised clear aligners. These transparent pieces of custom-moulded plastic sit over the teeth and gradually shift the teeth. A typical patient uses 20-30 slightly different clear aligners during their treatment.

3D Radiography

We all know that the face, jaws and teeth are 3-dimensional structures. The use of 3D radiographs (e.g. Computed Tomography or CT imaging) allows the orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon to more accurately assess patients compared to traditional 2D methods. 3D imaging can be very beneficial for patients presenting with facial trauma and/or asymmetry, as such imaging can clearly identify the regions of the face that may require surgical correction and precisely how much correction is required. 3D imaging is also extremely useful to identify the best methods to treat pathology and to safely manage impacted teeth (e.g. canines and wisdom teeth).

 The size of a patient’s airway can also be measured more accurately with 3D radiography. This is generally more important for patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Although some dental practitioners may claim to be experts in airway diagnosis and sleep-disordered breathing, it is virtually impossible to make an accurate diagnosis without a proper sleep study or evaluation by an ENT specialist.

Using Technology Appropriately

There is no doubt that technology has improved many aspects of modern life. Health practitioners have a responsibility to provide the best possible care for their patients and to keep up-to-date with new developments in their field. However, mere information cannot replace knowledge and clinical experience.

Your specialist orthodontist has the expertise to determine if 3D technology, (especially a 3D radiograph) is actually worthwhile rather than recommending it indiscriminately for every patient. Similar to most areas of life, technology is not a substitute for wisdom and common sense!

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Esther Dyson has stated:

“Don’t leave hold of your common sense. Think about what you are doing and how the technology can enhance it. Don’t think about technology first.”

Fun Fact:

Orthodontists are recognised experts in facial growth and development

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